what do us history and literature teach us about sacrifice and values worth dying for From nursery school to senior year of high school, I have been taught that America is a country that is governed by one of the greatest constitutions in the world. We are the true symbolism of freedom, and equ...

These holidays have been "turned upside down"; back on the old days, Thanksgiving and Columbus' Day were celebrations of racist rites. These holydays were then "reinvented"; nowadays they are joyful commemorations of gratitude among American people. Columbus viewed his co...

The Discovery of America Brings Annihilation When Christopher Columbus landed on Hispaniola, the estimates for the number of Native Americans were astronomical in comparison to what the number is today. Estimates place 800 separate nations, with one-hundred fifty language families and 1,500 to 2,00...

Lies My Teacher Told Me: A Review James W. Loewen is an educator who went to college at Carleton University and furthered his education receiving his PhD in sociology at Harvard University. He began his teaching career at Tougaloo University in Mississippi, but would move on to the Universi...

Howard Zinn looks at not only the history of the conquerors, rulers, leaders; but also the history of the enslaved, the oppressed, and the led. Like any American history book covering the time period of 1942 until the early 1760's, what is said in the first chapter of A People's History...

Spain's political experience was one of the most interesting and extraordinary in the history of modern Europe. It encompassed Portugal, part of Italy, the Netherlands, and large parts of the New World. In the early years of the eighth and ninth centuries, Muslims controlled all of Spain with the e...

The World Imagined In 1498, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed with four ships from Europe to reach India. Because of the cold weather, the sailors could not prepare food. They went to Africa and collected all they needed and finally reached India and saw the flock of amazed citizens watc...