The Renaissance was a time for reform. Renaissance, French for rebirth, describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. During this time, Europe emerged from the economic decline of the Middle Ages and experienced a ti...

Since time immemorial, through different cultures and whenever they occur, there have been many beliefs about the northern lights. The Inuit around Hudson Bay had the following explanation of what they saw: The sky is a huge dome of hard material arched over the flat earth. On the outside there is...

The Importance of Chemistry We are surrounded everyday by Chemistry. Chemistry was responsible for you car to get you to work, your furnace to heat your home, and your body to turn your breakfast into energy. The coke you drank with your lunch was flavoured by chemistry. Chemistry is ...

On February 19, 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus was born, destined to be one of the most influential men in scientific history. Throughout his years, Copernicus has contributed many thoughts to science. The Autograph De Revolutionibus, preserved in the Jagiellonian Library, is a result of work of the great...

The solar system was thought to have formed with the collapse of a giant gas cloud. The giant gas cloud was thought to have been spherical in shape because like everything else in the universe, it was spinning. This was probably due to the fact that the gas it was made up with came from the stars wh...

What would you think if a movie showed a human being being totally perfect and not making any mistakes throughout his/her lifetime? You probably wouldn't be satisfied with that image because you know that every body makes mistakes and no one is perfect. I have watched two movies, Arm...

Throughout the history of astronomical theory, there have been two main theories on the setup and placement of the heavenly bodies within our observed universe. The two theories are the geocentric model, our earliest theory, wherein the earth is at the center of everything, and everything rotates ar...

Eight Scientist Research Since the dawn of time, man has yearned to know the origin of existence, how life was started, and the source of creation. Many scientists, from ancient Greece to modern civilization, began the search for answers by first studying our solar system, mapping the s...

The human conceptualization of the solar system dates back to the beginning of time. The early Egyptians worshipped the sun as a source of life and then the area called space was becoming a curiosity to humans. Throughout history, our knowledge of the solar system has increased and there is stil...

The Northern Lights and Kristian Birkeland The northern lights have inspired awe and reverence in people all throughout the northern latitudes. At their most impressive, they form an immense halo of pulsating light around the pole, stretching hundreds of kilometers out into space. People in ...

Nicholas Copernicus was never supposed to be a revolutionary in the field of revolutions. This Polish merchant's son, groomed to be a church canon, was not the sort of man to be running around changing the world; he was not even published until near his death, in 1543. Copernicus had been pre...

Living In Space: Energy Space is filled with radiant energy and beyond earth's atmosphere this energy flow more steadily and more intensely from the sun than that which penetrates to the surface of the Earth. So an abundant and essential source of energy that would be used in space for the space co...

THE BEGINNING OF ASTRONOMY Early races believed that the earth was flat and stationary, with the sky rotating round it once a day. The early races also believed things that sound weird to us today like the Vedic priests of India believed that the earth was supported upon 12 massive pillars and duri...

Observing Stars Our view of the sky at night is possible because of the emission and reflection of light. 'Light' is the better-known term for the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes waves in the visible, ultra-violet, infra-red, microwave, radio, X-ray and gamma-ray regions. The scale of ...

The question of how our beliefs about the world and about what is valuable influence our pursuit of knowledge is very important. Of course we know that our beliefs affect us in our every day life. They affect our actions, our interactions with people, they even affect our eating habits. If we bel...

In January of 2006, an Atlas 5 rocket will be launched in order to look at Pluto and its moon Charon. The mission is called "New Horizons." The model 551 Lockheed Martin-built Atlas 5 will have five strap-on solid rocket boosters, a single engine Centaur upper stage and the larger five-me...

Development & applications What is cryogenics: cryogenics is the study of low temperatures or production of the same.Liquified gases, like liquid hydrogen and liquid helium are often used for production of very low temperature. Leiden, Netherlands is sometimes called ...