This book is an exercise in developmental science. Society is viewed at multiple levels, but Cairnes presents the perspective of childhood actions that consequence in future individuality. The main focus is on childhood violent aggression and its consequences for the future social development. At the beginning of the study, they discovered that unpopular people are the aggressive children. Aggression can evolve in all different areas, but the main focus is on the childhood actions. It has also been assumed that the roots of aggression lie in their failure to make basic social and emotional ties. More children are than threatened by parents, teachers and friends.
             Hostile, negative behavior at thirteen years old is predicted to be involved in school dropouts, serious violence, teenage parenthood and drug rehabilitation. A problem with authority normally leads to future social problems. The link with individual differences in aggression is not direct, but is mediated by other factors such as greater involvement with drugs, alcohol and peer groups.
             This study allowed psychologists to go beyond common sense assumptions about aggression and social development. There are many opinions as to why people have aggression, but in this book the psychologists have found that future events are affected by the past actions in many cases. This study was an important progress, but there are still many questions that is present. There is no set answer as to why children and adults have aggression, but that's why Cairne's is working very hard to bring out logical views.
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