of a Northern Leopard frog. Although they successfully came up with the method of nuclear transfer, Briggs and King experienced disappointment when the eggs failed to develop. This research, however, was not lost. In the 1970's, a doctor by the name of John Gurdon was finally able to accomplish the first successful nuclear transfer of embryo cells. Although this was a tremendous breakthrough in cloning, many scientists held pessimistic theories. These fellow scientists predicted that it was impossible to clone mammal cells. Dr. Steene Willadsen was not among this group of pessimists. In 1984, Dr. Willadsen stated that he had successfully transferred nuclei from embryos of sheep, cows and monkeys. After he perfected this method he began cloning embryos that were in a more advance cell stage. It was around this time when scientists began to think that nuclear transfer just might be possible to do with different types of cells. One of the most important years in cloning history was 1994. Dr. Neal First produced four calves by using nuclear transfer from more developed embryos. Two years later at Roslin Institute in Edinburgh Scotland, Dr. Ian Wilmut, and Dr. Keith Campbell produced Megan and Morag, the first cloned sheep from embryo cells. These two scientists developed a new technique that involved starving the donor embryo. This process allowed the genetic material to integrate more successfully with the cell. Dr. First had executed this same step, but it was done accidentally and he did not know the significance of the process. Dr. Wilmut and Dr. Campbell were known around the world for Megan and Morag, but their biggest success was yet to come. On July 5 1996, after 277 tries, a sheep named Dolly was born. She was the first organism ever to be cloned from an adult cell ("Clone"). The announcement of the birth of Dolly gave birth to the future of cloning possibilities. Scientists began extensive exp...