victim's suffering. Interestingly, the research indicates that merely presenting images of degraded or objectified women, can have the same effects on men as violence or explicit sexual images. They also demonstrate that men from diverse social and ethnic backgrounds, including those who are antipornography, are just as influenced by sexually explicit contents as individuals who favor sexually explicit materials (659). This result shows that R-rated media exists in different social groups and affects people's belief system.
             Milburn et al suggest that men often evaluate women's sexual responses and behaviors based on media portrayals because of high accessibility to gender-role stereotypic media in society (662). Consequently, men often assume women want to have intercourse even more when women demonstrate strong sexual refusals since R-rated films objectify women enjoying sexual intercourse forced by men. On the other hand, Milburn et al further mention that many women actually accept being controlled by men because the media injects false gender-role stereotypes that portray men and women certain ways in relationships. They conclude that "theaters and video stores should be vigilant in their enforcement of that age restrictions on viewing R-rated movies, and parents should be cautious about what films they allow their children to watch" since this type of media conveys misrepresentative messages (663).
             Although many studies suggest that misperception of sexual intent occurs because of women's failure to express their refusals and the media's stereotypical depictions, more attention should foc
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