of the GATT on Restrictions to Safeguard the Balance of Payment) or to limit imports of textile and clothing products, this latter under the Short and Long Term Cotton Textile Arrangements in the early 196Os, replaced by the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) concluded in 1975 (N. Grimwade, 2000, pp.324).
             Article VI of the GATT on Antidumping and Countervailing Duties provides that anti-dumping measures can be taken by the exporting country on imports "as protection from unfair imports", but in fact, "they appear to be functioning more as surrogate safeguards against competitive imports" ( R. Stubbs, G.R.D Underhill, 1994, pp.233).
             An other ambiguity subsists also in the fact that countries have the right to give protection, namely bilateral tariffs or quotas, in case of emergency, particularly "when a sudde
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