Ulcerative Colitis
            
             Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic disease of inflammation in the large intestine. Characteristics are bloody stool with mucous or puss. This disease is not gender specific and peaks around ages 15-40. It is seen more often among Jewish and upper middle class people.
             This disease process starts off as abscesses in the intestine. Eventually they break into the mucousa and leave ulcerations. The most common sign and symptom is bloody stool and abdominal pain. In this case the stool is not formed The client with ulcerative colitis can have 4-5 bowel movements a day. Anemia is also a problem considering the blood loss. Weight loss is another symptom due to diarrhea and vomiting.
             Diagnostic studies that are performed include CBC, electrolyte levels, serum protein levels, stool culture, colonoscopy with a biopsy, and barium enemas. Drugs included in their therapy are sulfasalazine and corticosteroids. Sulfasalazine is used more for the maintenance of ulcerative colitis and the steroids are more for acute exacerbations. Retention enemas are used for immunosuppressors.
             Surgery is performed if drug therapy does not work. 15-20% have a total proctolectomy with a permanent illeostomy. Some will have the surgery and have a kock pouch or rectal mucosal stripping. Nutrition is also important. Prevention of malnutrition is necessary to avoid weight loss. A specialist is not usually required.
             One nursing diagnosis is Altered Nutrition < body requirement r/t decreased nutritional intake, increased nutrient loss –diarrhea, Decreased absorption by intestine AMB anorexia, N/V, weight loss, weakness, anemia, change in hair or skin. Your goal is to maintain body weight within their range, have adequate nutritional intake. First you would want to assess for malnutrition-hair loss chapped skin-to directly plan for treating the problem. Then record daily weights to evalute your actions. Also monitor I&O to evaluate intake ...