s and educators were given the option to correct past discrimination by giving preference to minorities (Mizell 164-5). Affirmative action was established with the altruistic intent of providing equal opportunity in a racially unequal society whereby impartial judgment of ability is dissipating (Lewis). In the long run, affirmative action is expected to instill in society an ability to reconsider the validity and consistency of the qualifications deeming the integrity of educational and vocational opportunity (Lewis).
             The policy was implemented by federal agencies enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and two executive orders, which provided that government contractor
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