ll form, but no one had yet overcome the problem of taking a fully grown adult cell, and cloning from there. This problem was quickly overcome with the discovery of Dolly. In 1997, embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues did the impossible and cloned a full living sheep from the adult cell of another one. They had overcome the barriers and stepped into a new field of reproductive technology. Their discovery was not really a discovery of new biology, but a discovery of a new technique. They took the cell from the udder of one pregnant sheep. They placed the cell in a petri and starved it of nutrition. This caused the cell to fall into a vulnerable state of hibernation. Wilmut then used the cloning technique of nuclear transfer. They First they removed the nucleus of an unfertilized egg, or oocyte, while leaving the surrounding cytoplasm intact. Then they placed the egg next to the nucleus of a quiescent donor cell and applied gentle pulses of electricity. These pulses prompted the egg to accept the new nucleus and all the DNA it contained, as though it were its own. They also triggered a burst of biochemical activity, jump-starting the process of cell division. A week later, the embryo that had already started growing into Dolly was implanted in the uterus of a surrogate ewe. ( Nash) With the birth of Dolly came more research and questioning about cloning. The process had been established. But there was a question about the reliability of the process. More people started to explore the possibilities of cloning. Wilmut's breakthrough led to more cloning results. In 1998, Teruhiko Wakayama, a 31-year-old post-doctoral student studying cloning at the University of Hawaii, succeeded in cloning a batch of mice. He squeezed in the cloning work during his free time, carefully manipulating one type of mouse cell after another until, just months after Dolly was unleashed on the world, he succeeded in cloning the cumulus cells that surround the...