n (1988) has theorized that there are two processes
involved with the cells in the visual cortex which create successful visual perception (Kandel,
Schwartz & Jessell, 2000). The first of these processes occurs in the V1, and is called
pre-attentive processing. This is a bottom-up type of processing, whereby cells in the brain
are activated based on differences in colour size, form and shape. This bottom-up processing
allows a distinction to be made between an image and its background (Treisman, 1988).
The second process involved in interpreting images occurs in the V2 and is called
attentive processing, whereby a top-down system of processing occurs. Treisman has
theorized that properties of images may be encoded in feature maps. These feature maps
input information into a master map where the master map combines details of the feature
maps to interpret what image is being viewed in the visual field.
Treisman has hypothesized that feature maps will send information to the master
map, depending on past experience and what the brain is expecting to interpret (Treisman,
1988). This hypothesis gives justification for the study in this paper, which aims to
determine if perceptual sets developed out of past experience effects what in interpreted
when an ambiguous figure is shown after a series of related images.
These expectations which we hold, based on prior experience are known as
perceptual sets. A study by Moran and Desimone in 1985 examined the phenomenon of
perceptual sets on interpretation of images. In this study, the response of cells in receptive
fields on a monkey were measured. It was found that cells in the receptive field were
effected by past visual experiences of the monkey. Cells which were activated upon viewing
a test stimulus were found to be dependent on the features of the previously viewed image.
This hypothesis again demonstrates how the ...