groups.
             Literature Review: Review each significant research, overview previous discussions on this topic, discuss current thinking and hypotheses relevant to the chosen topic. What do we know about this topic? Provide a descriptive summary of research findings to date.
             Studies had been conducted establishing the common sources of fatigue. Beyond the physical and emotional stressors of policing, a number of factors that are amenable to administrative control are allowed to contribute to officer fatigue. For example, it is common for patrol officers to work double shifts to replace sick colleges or in response to demands for service such as those that community oriented policing programs often require. According to past research such practices persist despite the awareness that overtime work ads to fatigue both by increasing the amount of work performed and by disrupting sleep patterns (O¡Neill and Gushing, 1991). Other job-related sources of fatigue have been identified as off-duty court appearances, shift changes, an the demands for additional training and education for officers.
             Unfortunately, the effects of such stressors in the police patrol environment are also cumulative and synergistic. For example, everyday work, boredom, and high anxiety each impact sleep and sleep patterns, thereby increasing fatigue and the rate at which it accumulates. The net effect of these multiple stressors, however, can be more than addictive. Chronic exposure only magnifies the effects as mal adaptations are developed in response. As the after effects spill over into leisure time, recuperation becomes all but impossible. The result is a vicious cycle where fatigue diminishes the ability to cope with other job stressors in a healthy manner. This, in turn, further disrupts sleep and sleep patterns and increases fatigue. In time, this process accelerates to seriously erode an officer¡s ability to function effectively (Gardell, 1997).
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