s the scientific term for animal testing, which means the cutting open of living animals to observe their inner structure. The ancient Greeks were the first to practice this. Galen, a Greek doctor during the Roman Empire, used vivisection instead of observing how the animals functioned. Many animals suffered and were killed due to the inexperienced Galen and the lack of scientific knowledge. In the seventeenth century, physician William Harvey used animals to show how their blood circulated. He did this by observing the contractions of the heart and by tying off the arteries and veins on more than eighty species of animals (Carlson). The results of these experiments were disappointing because he discovered nothing. In the 1900s, vivisection was used in the western hemisphere and the United States. During the twentieth century, the use of animals in research was being used in psychology and the testing of drugs, foods, and cosmetics. The laboratory animal was becoming a symbol of medical progress yet; no medical advances, only disadvantages were being found (Frey). Despite these disadvantages, the use of animal experimentation is still going full throttle.
             Since animal testing started, there have been laws against it, but scientists find ways to get around and change them. Richard Martin proposed a law in 1821. He introduced a bill to prevent cruel and improper treatment of all animals. Scientists did not want the bill to pass because it would mean the end of animal testing. However, Congress would pass a bill preventing cruel and improper treatment of just cattle and horses. However, only 5% of tests are done on
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