d imperfect duties. A perfect duty is one where
             people are not treated as a means to an end, while imperfect duties involve treating people as ends. To
             not tell lies is an example of a perfect duty, since when one tells a lie, one is using the other person as
             a means to one's end. To be beneficent and charitable to others is an imperfect duty. Even though not
             helping others does not treat others as a means to one's end, it does not treat others as an end in
             themselves. When perfect and imperfect duties conflict, Kant believes that perfect duties override
             imperfect duties. In other words, it is more important to not treat someone as a means than it is to treat
             someone as an end. For example, one must tell the truth even if in so doing, one hurts someone's
             feelings and is a catalyst to their suicide.
             To follow duties, rational beings have wills. A will that accords with duty is the only unconditional
             good, since only with a good will can any other good be achieved. From a good will come all other
             goods. Since good comes from the will alone, the consequences of an action are irrelevant in
             determining moral actions. A moral act is good in itself, so the end result of an action cannot be used
             to justify the morality of an action. For example, lying cannot be justified as being moral or immoral
             by observing the consequences from the action. These consequences are only the subjective ends that
             arise from the particular situation. The basis of moral and practical must be from objective principles
             that are universally valid for any rational being. Consequently, we cannot use subjective ends, that is
             our inclinations or feelings in the determination of moral law, since these are contingent on specific
             facts, while any moral law must apply to all rational beings.
             Since morality lies with rationality, and a good will is necessary for duty to be followed, then the
             purpose of reason is to produce...