or resourceful purposes. There were resistance movements by the people of Somalia but the strong colonial powers never relinquished their control. Partly in response to nationalist pressures, both the Italians and the British took steps to improve education and health facilities, spur economic development, and give Somalis some experience in the political process.
             Somalia received its independence in 1960 but it did face several obstacles. Economically, the country was indebted to rely on Italian and British financial assistance. Somalia had no economic institution in place in order to support itself properly. Somalis were also not accustomed to or experienced in administration and political participation. Furthermore, the new Somali constitution did not include strategies designed to move citizens away from clan loyalties and toward national objectives.
             One of the major objectives of the new Somali government after independence became that of national integration. In seeking to distance itself from its colonial past, the new government soon became acquainted with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Soviet influence prevailed, particularly in the armed forces, further influencing Somalia's violent nature. Because the military had become increasingly critical of government corruption and nepotism, President Shermaarke was killed in by one of his bodyguards. The army, which had previously avoided political participation, was now to take over under army commander Major General Mahammad Siad Barre who was named president. To facilitate continued Soviet aid, Siad Barre indicated that they would pursue socialism. Basically, Siad Barre attempts at socialism were designed to break down traditional clan structure and strengthen his personal control. Siad Barre tried to further his personal
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