mmon characteristics of modernity. According to the Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, modernism is perceived as "a radical break with the past and concurrent search for new forms of expression."("Modernism"). The notion of breaking through boundaries, and applying experimentation to works is a huge factor observed in modernism. Another important characteristic is the overwhelming sense of alienation brought on as a result of mass industrialism and urbanization. This sense of alienation also emphasized the focus of the individual "inwardness" over society "outwardness", which was the dominating emphasis of the earlier Victorian age when individualism was rarely touched upon in the arts. Modernists also tried to capture what psychologists called the "stream of consciousness" the flow of ideas, memories and associations running through the human mind. This is obviously influenced by the new psychological theories of the age, especially those concerned with psychoanalysis. The aim of many modernists was to embrace aestheticism and focus on the creation of useless, but nonetheless necessary beauty. This reflects the philosophical development of criticism in the modern age. Previous pragmatic critical theorists were involved with the purpose of the text (or any other form of art) and studied the fac
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