parens patriae--- "parent of the country". refers to doctrine where state oversees child welfare; estab. by the king of england and administered by chancellors.
common law--- authority based on court decrees and judgements that recognize, affirm, and enforce certain usages and customs of the people; laws determined by judges in accordance with their rulings. inherited from england.
workhouses--- early penal facilities designed to use prison labor for profit by privateinterests; operated in shires in mid-sixteenth century and later. punished offenders and provided cheap labor
child saver movement--- organized effort during early 1800s in US, comprimised primarily of upper and middle class interests who sought to provide assistance to wayward youths; assistance was often food and shelter, although social, educational, and religious values were introduced to children later in compulsory schooling. very important innovation.
walnut street jail--- reconstructed from earlier philadelphia jail in 1970; first real attempt by jail officials to classify and segregate prisoners according to age, gender, and crime seriousness; introduced idea of solitary confinement. another important innovation.
house of refuge--- workhouses, the first of which was estab. in 1824 as a means of seperating juveniles from the adult correctional process.
models--- medical, rehabilitation, community reingtegration, preveention/ control, just deserts, reality therapy, justice.
juvenile justice system vs. criminal justice system---
delinquency--- act committed by an infant of not more than a specific age who has violated criminal laws or engages in disobedient conduct.
status offense--- violation of statue or ordinance by a minor, which, if committed by an adult would not be considered either a felony or misdemeanor
natl. crime victimization survey--- published in corperation with the US bureau of the cens
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