d adolescents, and how this is
related to the actions of role models.
In the stages of childhood and adolescence, individuals do not have a
clear sense of what is right or wrong for themselves, but are in the
process of determining this. This is generally referred to as the process
of determining a sense of identity. In childhood, this process is
generally based on children viewing their family members. However, in
adolescence this focus changes. The adolescent generally rejects their
family members as role models and looks outside the home, with this a
normal part of them becoming independent people. Erikson refers to this as
an identity crisis, describing it as "a period of self-doubt and active
questioning about one's definition of self" (Erikson 52). This questioning
that takes place is actually a process of comparison, where a person
considers how others behave and uses this as a model to determine how they
should behave. One author describes this process saying that adolescents
who are insecure or unsure about their behavior "will watch and learn from
others they look up to" (Robinson 30). It was noted earlier that role
models are generally not ones within the family, but people outside the
family that they consider successful and accepted. Successful singers are
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