r possible before. In
             addition to farming, collar harnesses aided all kinds of industry, but
             especially construction (Gans, 2002), where heavy loads of rock could be
             brought to construction sites efficiently, and the materials that needed to
             be removed could be gotten out of the way efficiently. Farmers could now
             plant more varieties of crops throughout the year. As the horse became
             more useful they were more widely bred and became more plentiful (Cipolla,
             1994), and the manure, easily gathered because horses were housed together,
             improved the quality of the soil (Gies & Gies, 1995). Improved ability to
             plow created deeper furrows. These deeper furrows with their high ridges
             helped maintain good moisture in the soil. The ridges facilitated drying,
             and kept soil from becoming too wet. At the same time the sheltered
             furrows held more moisture (Gies & Gies, 1995).
             During the medieval era great strides were made in the use of water.
             Monks in France successfully drilled the first Artesian well in 1126 (Gies
             & Gies, 1995). They used a narrow shaft and pounded a rod through a narrow
             layer of walk. The water, was under natural pressure and rose to the
             surface under its own power. This new way to drill was called "percussion
             drilling." (Gies & Gies, 1995) Percussion drilling for artesian wells
             improved water access and provided new sources for clean water.
             Grain mills improved the economy. Typically the landowner, usually a
             lord, owned the mill. He required his peasants to use his mill. They paid
             for this service by giving the lord 1/13 of the ground grain. Many
             peasants thought this charge unfair, and began grinding their grain at
             home, although this was often illegal (Gies & Gies, 1995). They knew that
             the same mills only charged 1/24 of the ground flour to free tenants who
             were not bound to the lord's land. In addition, the larger, more efficient
             mills were abl...