cient history. We not only define ourselves and our own culture by
what we categorize as food and not-food (for example) but we also define
those who do not belong to our culture as those who do not share the same
A taboo is simply something that should not be done in a particular
culture and that carries punishment for those who do it. There is a range
of seriousness in taboos: It is (for example) legal to eat horse flesh in
Britain. Doing so may mean that your neighbors start avoiding you, but it
does not mean that you will be arrested. However, eating human flesh will
both mean that your neighbors will turn away from you in disgust and that
you will be arrested; some taboos are more fundamental to a culture. Those
people who break taboos - who eat horse or human, who have sex with their
siblings, who show up at their job on heroin - are not only sanctioned in
more or less strict ways by their cultures, but they are also considered to
be dangerous by other members of their cultural group. They have become
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