The State and the Church, which helped establish the Holy Roman
             Empire (of which the central city is Rome), characteristically influence
             European society of the 11th century. The social structure of the society
             was mainly divided into two main categories, where people are both subjects
             of the State as citizens, and by the Church, as Christian followers. The
             influence and power of the Church is especially greater than the State,
             because the Church had influenced society not only through its doctrines
             and teachings, but affected the way and manner of living of its followers
             (spiritually, mentally, and emotionally).
             The power of the Church in the 11th century society is reflected in
             Pope Urban II's speech at Clermont, France, delivered in the year 1095.
             This event was crucial and significant in the history of European society
             and the Catholic Church because Pope Urban's speech illustrates the rising
             power of Papacy, where an overlapping of political and religious powers had
             occurred. Furthermore, the Clermont speech delivered by Urban II also
             sparked the beginning of the Crusades movement, the Christian "Holy war"
             that the Pope called for to compete against the invading Moslem (Seljuk
             Turks) followers that have been occupying Eastern Christian
             In discussing the themes of the increasing influence and control of
             the Church over the society had been the legacy of Pope Gregory VII, who
             strove for a more strengthened Papacy during the 10th - early 11th
             centuries. His successor, Urban II, followed Gregory's reforms in the
             Church, and sought to obtain political and religious power in the society.
             The encompassing power of the Pope is reflected in Urban's speech, which he
             delivered in 1905, with the Church clergymen and administration, as well as
             the Pope's followers, as his audience. In addressing the dominantly
             Christian community, Urban urges his fellow Christians to fi...