import-sensitive
commodities; for these. Longer transition periods as well as quotas and
tariffs were handled under side agreements. Some of these products include
sugar and frozen concentrated orange juice. Relief against import surges'
was also separately agreed. For the U.S., these separated agreements
applied to imports of Mexican onion, tomatoes, eggplants, chili peppers,
squash and watermelons. For Mexico, special safeguards were agreed for
live swine and most pork products, apples and potato products. (Economic
However, by early 2002, it was clear that the protections worked
better for the U.S. agricultural industry than for Mexico's farmers. In
short, many agricultural provisions of NAFTA created farm jobs (or at least
farm income) in the U.S., and threatened Mexico's mainly peasant farmers
with further economic hardship. Even before the round of tariff cuts for
U.S. agricultural goods entering Mexico in 2003, U.S. pork cuts cost only
27 cents a pound in Mexico, versus $1.14 for Mexico-raised pork. This is
possible because of the differences in government subsides for pork
producers. In the U.S., subsidies amount to about $20,000 a year; in
Mexico, it's only about $700. (Smith 2002)
Observers say that Mexico has, however, done well since NAFTA with
labor-intensive crops. More than half of the cucumbers and one-third of
all tomatoes consumed in the U.S. are grown in Mexico (Smith 2002), which
would mean an increase in such jobs for Mexicans, and a decrease for
Americans. The picture is not so cle
...