Andrew Jackson's lack of positive actions and policies ultimately
             forced the westward migration of the "five civilized" Native American
             tribes, the Creeks, Chickasaws, Seminoles, Cherokees and Choctaws.
             Jackson's failure to enforce his early promise that the migration of the
             Native American tribes would be voluntary was a major factor in the success
             of the forced migration, as were Jackson's repeated failures to ensure that
             treaties with Native Americans were kept and that land deals with Native
             Americans were not fraudulent. In addition, other legislation like the
             Indian Trade and Intercourse Act of 1834 resulted in more migration out of
             the area, by reducing native rights and sovereignty. Further, Jackson's
             role in forwarding the forced migrations was likely motivated by a desire
             for profit and land, political concerns, and racism.
             In The Long, Bitter Trail: Andrew Jackson and the Indians, Anthony
             Wallace describes the forced removal of thousands of Native Americans from
             the American east to an area west of the Mississippi River through the
             Indian Removal Act of 1830. The author focuses on how the policies of
             Andrew Jackson impacted the relocation, who as a newly elected president
             faced a caucus that was deeply divided over the relocation of the Native
             Americans. Ultimately, Jackson became on of the most vocal and active of
             the proponents of the forced removal of the Native Americans.
             A professor of history and anthropology at the University of
             Pennsylvania, Wallace is clearly qualified to write this history. He has
             written a number of books, including the Bancroft prize-winning Rockdale
             The Indian Removal Act of 1830 resulted in the forced removal of the
             five "civilized tribes" that lived in the geographical area east of the
             Mississippi River. The move displaced large numbers of the Cherokee and
             Choctaw tribes, but also affected a number of other tribe...