r Dual-Language Programs is to
             develop proficiency in the student's first or native language and in a
             second language. Reed and Railsback (2003) explain that "usually about
             half the students are native English speakers and half are English language
             learners from the same language group and similar cultural backgrounds.
             Instruction can be 90/10: that is, starting at 90 percent in non-English
             and 10 percent in English, gradually increasing to 50/50. Also,
             instruction can be 50/50 from the beginning. These programs require
             significant school, family, and community commitment, significant peer
             interaction, and bilingual teachers who are trained to teach in both
             The Newcomer Programs are designed to meet the needs of incoming ESL
             students with low-level English literacy skills. They also do not have
             many of the skills learned from within a formal education setting.
             Students placed within Newcomer Programs have recently entered the United
             States and have very little skill in speaking English. "The goal of these
             programs is to help students acquire beginning English skills and core
             academic skills, and to acculturate to the United States school system.
             Some programs may have the additional role of promoting students' native
             language skills." These programs are usually developed and designed to
             meet the needs of the surrounding community and the student body that the
             educational system serves. However, the drawback of this type of program
             is that it limits the interaction with native speaking English students.
             ESL student's should not be isolated, but provided with many opportunities
             for meeting new friends, and activities that allow them to become more
             comfortable within their educational surroundings.
             There are many instructional methods that incorporate the primary
             language as a foundation for support with the instruction of the core
             curriculum. These instructional met...