working hours, work schedule, and shifts (Holtom et. al., 2002).
             Due to the unstable condition in today's economy, many employees seek jobs
             that are permanent to ensure the continuous sustainance of their living.
             On the other hand, temporary jobs such as contractual jobs are also found
             by others to have the same effect in sustaining a living. In view of this,
             it can be hypothesized that nature of timeframe in work employment,
             specifically the condition of being a permanent employee or a contractual
             employee, and the condition of work schedules, can affect the level of job
             The status of employees in today's employment agreements is changing. In
             almost all parts of the world, many companies are moving away from the
             structure of employing their workers as full-time and permanent employees
             and are resorting to temporary employments. One reason to this is that
             employers seek to balance the supply of labor against the demands of their
             Hence, in many of today's industries, work agreements that are based on
             A research conducted by Holtom, Lee, and Tidd (2002), studying the
             relationship between work congruence and work behaviors, indicates this by
             Employment arrangements in North America, Europe, and the
             industrialized market economies of Asia are changing. To compete
             effectively in the global economy, employers are seeking to align
             labor supply and working hours with variations in customer demand (e.
             g. ,Deery & Mahony, 1994). Consequently, many firms have moved away
             from full-time, permanent employment contracts toward an increased
             use of workers in nonstandard work arrangements (Kalleberg et al.,
             An example to this type of employment is a contractual work where an
             ...