protagonist who (despite being in
             his hometown) had the history of a migrant. Such a theory would suggest
             that in an evolving city, the mere forces of economic and social history
             ensure that crime will occur along the edges of change, just as fabric
             unravels after being cut. Baal was both living within an economically
             disadvantaged area and working within it at all the bars that litter such
             areas. It seems possible to suggest that his crime was symptomatic of a
             larger social issue, and that his literal back-stabbing of a friend may be
             something of a metaphor for the relationships between classes and
             individuals which serves to create the completed and segregated city.
             Among the most central contributions of these sociological theories
             to the study of criminology is the idea that criminal behavior is an
             essential sociological issue, a reaction of the individual to instability
             in his or her environment and to unexpected or unbalanced outside forces
             such as where one lives, what sort of company one keeps, crowding in the
             city, migration patterns, and the degree to which an individual is
             rootless. In the South after the civil war, there was a certain instability
             that led to many individuals fleeing the region in hopes of finding a
             better life up North. The majority of these individuals settled within the
             so-called zone of transition within the cities where they relocated (more
             on zones in a moment). Here, as sociologists such as Monroe and Earl Moses
             discovered, the migrants suffered higher arrest rates than non-migrants,
             and there was overall a much lower rate of crime in native populations
             versus transplanted or migrant population. (Class Notes) Such findings were
             important contributing factors to the development of the theory, because
             they indicated that social upheaval (such as that experienced by migrants)
             did indeed have some effect on criminal behavior. This is quite releva...