irmative action's legitimacy; the case went to the U.S. Supreme Court, and the ruling was that by establishing "racial quotas" (in admission policies) UC Berkley was violating the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment. Battle lines were drawn, and the war isn't over.
             Current federal affirmative action policies: The U.S. Department of Labor "Employment Standards Administration" (ESA) (Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs) requires "a contractor, as a condition of having a federal contract, to engage in a self-analysis for the purpose of discovering any barriers to equal employment opportunity" (www.dol.gov). This is the one government agency that conducts "systematic reviews" of federal employment practices vis-â-vis discrimination. The ESA office checks all federal agencies to see if the agency or contractor (with 50 or more employees) is complying by having an updated Affirmative Action Program (AAP). The AAP should identify (in the c
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