vels of care, to a certain degree even transcend each level of care, and are difficult to define acceptably in objective, behavioral and measurable terms. Spirituality is implied in all dimensions, in all levels of care, and is certainly inherent in the 12 Step philosophy. (pp. 8-9) (Matthews, 2000)."
             The Journal of Counseling & Development, published a study in 1992 that concluded spirituality is a necessary element in the treatment of substance abuse(Matthews, 2000). In the study, it was determined that the five major components of life satisfaction, emotional, social, physical, intellectual and occupational could not be complete without a spiritual component attached to them. At the time the study was released the research stated: "Spiritual health should be considered as a component present, along with a personal component, within each of the interrelated and interactive dimensions of wellness... Optimal wellness exists when each of these five di
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