d a program with classroom lectures and practical exercises resulting in a Process Facilitator Certification Program.
             Brown was faced with a number of challenges during the implementation of the process-oriented model. During 2008 the US was hit by an economic recession. Economic activity came to a halt, while bankruptcies and unemployment rose. Even in the best of times, people are intimidated by change. Those at Pinnacle West who felt a measure of job security would not readily embrace a complete process transformation in their own seemingly stable environment, amid the recessionary culture surrounding them. Certainly, for Brown too, the necessity to acquire financing for infrastructure and research and development costs in order to transform the business in a reliable and productive manner would present challenges. Surprisingly enough, when budget cuts occur in any organization, research and development is among the first programs to become susceptible to cut backs. However, Brown had witnessed the huge improvements made at two of Pinnacle'
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