polis, described by Socrates in the book,
             Plato describes these three classes: the rulers, the guardians, and the
             producers. Each of the three classes displays one of the three vital
             components of Plato's justice. Every citizen of the "just" city is required
             (and is happy to) fill the role for which they are best suited for, and to
             leave the other tiers to fulfill their roles without interference. As far
             as Plato is concerned, citizens can only excel if they focus on a single
             It is, therefore, from the smallest group and part of itself and
             the knowledge in it, from the supervising and ruling part, that
             a city founded according to nature would be wise as a whole. And
             this class, which properly has a share in that knowledge which
             alone among the various kinds of knowledge ought to be called
             wisdom, has, as it seems, the fewest members by nature.
             The wisdom of these rulers ensures that any decisions concerning the city
             would be just for all, rather than based on the whims of a few. The
             guardians, the second class within the "just" city, would require education
             in order to instill courage along with moral convictions:
             ...they should receive the laws from us in the finest possible
             way like a dye, so that their opinion about what's terrible and
             about everything else would be colorfast because they had gotten
             the proper nature and rearing, and their dye could not be washed
             out by those lyes so terribly effective at scouring, pleasure-
             more terribly effective for this than any Chalestrean soda and
             alkali; and pain, fear, and desire-worse than any other lye.
             This kind of power and preservation, through everything, of the
             right and lawful opinion about what is terrible an...