o transform these discoveries into useful products remodeled the science and technology of electronics and other related fields. Every discovery served a purpose, the thermionic valves made possible the development of the radio, television, long-distance and intercontinental telephone calls to add to the first computers. (The Inventions, pg.298) The transistors have made possible pocket calculator and digital watches, and have replaced valves in radio and televisions. Without their small size and reliability, there could have been no satellite communications, spacecraft, or men on the moon. (The Inventions, pg.307) During the Cold War, a handful of American scientist and engineers made use of computers for various type of applications. The computer played one enormous role throughout espionage from reconnaissance satellites – machines that could collect more information about the Soviet Union's weapons in a day than an army of spies could assemble in a decade. (Taubman) Many more remarkable inven
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