ing to race and identity, in their own way, both writer explain the different factors which have shaped the characters and ideology of the era we are in right now.
             In the article "race, culture, identity: misunderstood connection" by Anthony Appiah, he argues that there is only one race on this earth. Appiah dictates that social difference cannot be acknowledged in terms of the concept race: the only race in the united states is the human race and Appiah also writes that race can only be defined by those who believe it exists. while in the essay "social identity and group solidarity by Tommie Shelby" the writer argues that we can reject the biological idea of race and agree with many criticism of identity politics and yet still view black political solidarity as needed emancipatory tool.
             "Perhaps the simplest ideational theory of meaning runs like this: what we learn when we learn a word like "race" is a set of rules for applying the term. Everybody who knows what the word "race" means - which means most competent speakers of English - learns the same rules: so that while people have different beliefs about races, they share some special beliefs- I will call them criterial beliefs -that define the concept. these beliefs may not be very high powered. They might include, for example the t
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