a, Zulu, Ndebele, and others. Tribal differences, combined with overpowering Western colonialism, led to the socially oppressive system known as Apartheid (Gallagher).
             The Apartheid regime emphasized the differences among the various ethnic groups, mainly between whites and non-whites, but also between black groups, and turned them against each other rather than against the government. According to writer and historian James Burns, 'Apartheid,' an Afrikaans word meaning 'apartness,' is the name that was given to the program of racial segregation implemented in South Africa after the Second World War." However, Burns explains, the origins of segregation can be traced to an earlier time. Since the 17th century, the Dutch and English, white immigrants, had kept the native majority under economical and political control. The Dutch occupation of South Africa ended during the Napoleonic Wars, but was then quickly replaced by the British. In 1910, the territories of the Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State were federated into the Union of South Africa. South Africa, being a member of the British Empire and Commonwealth, started to expand racial segregation in 1910 (Burns). Land of African farmers was expropriated and non-whites were not allowed to vote. Until the end of the Second World War, South Africa experienced enormous industrial and urban growth leading to a somehow economically controlled government. Industrial companies and enterprises were provided with black workers that migrated into the cities, which is the context and stand point of Paton in Cry, the Beloved Country. This industrial strength is also seen as one reason for such racial segregation. It was argued that such segregation would "support South African industrial capitalism" (Burns). Until recently, South Africa has had to deal with the consequences of this disastrous policy. A large part of the fast growing black majority lives in oppressive povert...