Therefore, acculturation that emphasizes individuation can often cause psychological distress (Yamada, 1999)
             Changes generated as a result of cross-cultural meeting may cause a great amount of stress. During the acculturation process, immigrants might experience societal disintegration and personal crisis. Their familiar social order disappears and some individuals get lost in the change. With the change often brings personal set of stress behaviours that occur during the acculturation resulting in confusion, anxiety, and depression. The eventual outcome of the individual is affected by other variables that govern the relationship between acculturation and stress (Baker, 1999). Berry (1990) perceives acculturation as a developmental and multilinear process, and as different forms and phases of encounters between the ethnic group and the dominant culture. He observed four varieties of acculturation (assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization) that resulted in the acculturation attitudes. The two main issues addressed for the four attitudes were whether there was cultural maintenance and contact and participation.
             A study by Jasinkkaja-Lahti and Liebkind (2000) examined the interrelatedness between various aspects of the acculturation process to the extent that they predict the actual degree of immigrants' acculturation. Comparing a sample of Russian-speaking immigrant adolescents living in Finland with a sample of their native Finnish peers, the authors found that there were complex relations between the different processes underlying acculturation. The ethnic identity of Russian-speaking immigrants did not seem to be related to their actual degree of acculturation in terms of the cultural values they adopted. Finally, this study showed that family relationships and acculturation attitudes were key components to the immigrants' adaptation to new environmental demands.
             Finally, a study by Sal...