hese are: 1. Individual development, 2. Within-group variation, 3. Between-group variation, 4. Hierarchy and 5. Feedback. And that each of these levels explains how genetics and phenotypes predict human behavior. The first of these is individual development under which the theory of natural selection falls (Masters, 1985).
             One of the most central ideas of sociobiology, previously known as social biology (Masters, 1985), is that of natural selection and behavior. Natural selection attempts to show how all human behavior can be expected (Archer, 1996). Darwin and Wallace (1858) were of the first to propose the theory of natural selection. Natural selection is built on the fact that certain varieties of species are better able to adapt to their specific environment and to reproduce than other varieties. These stronger species are said to have greater 'fitness' (Barkow, 1989). They have a greater fitness due to the fact that they have "inherited physical and behavioral features which are well designed for life in that environment" (Archer, 1996. p26.)
             Certain hereditable characteristics are passed on from generation to generation if these characteristics aid in the success of reproduction in a given environment. The greater the success, the more frequent the gene, but only if the environment remains relatively constant. Evolution takes place as the frequency of this specific gene changers (Barkow, 1989). The sociobiologist not only do these genes aid us in the survival of a species, but they are also preprogrammed to determine our behavior (Hanna, 1985). A gene biologically and chemically affects the phenotype "the organism's physical body and its functional properties" (Barkow, 1989. Pp25.) There must always be an excess of offspring so that their can be a strong survival rate. So at the end of the day we are simply carriers of specific genes and survival characteristics that must be passed on to e...