ure works for a determinate end under the direction of a higher agent, whatever is done by nature must be traced back to God as to its first cause. So likewise whatever is done voluntarily must be traced back to some higher cause other than human reason and will, since these change and fail; for all things that are changeable and capable of defect must be traced back to an immovable and self-necessary first principle, as has been shown.
             § Aquinas' first way of proving God's existence is the argument of motion. According to him, it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, which everyone understands to be God. He clearly states that for something to move, it must be moved by another. For him it can never be possible for something to be both mover and moved for motion is nothing else than the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality and that nothing can be reduced from potentiality to actuality, except by something in a state of actuality.
             § Aquinas' second way is from the nature of efficient cause. According to him, it is necessary to admit a first efficient cau
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