The applications of science have produced many marvels throughout the ages, from the invention of electricity, to the cures for many diseases. In 1981, a great new discovery was made. Researches discovered a new type of cell called stem cells. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can make more by cell division. In humans, stem cells are capable of becoming all or many of the 220 different kinds of tissues in the human body (Robinson, Background Information). With the discovery of embryonic stem cells in 1998 came impassioned hopes are that these stem cells can be used to great advantage. With these hopes also came cautious fears are that innocent and vulnerable human beings are destroyed, and needlessly so, in the process. The debate between hope and fear are raging. Although stem cell research offers many scientific and therapeutic benefits, now and in the future, there are still major ethical and legal issues that have yet to be resolved.
             The two major goals for pursuing this research are: the gaining of important scientific knowledge about cell development and its application to related fields; curing debilitating diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Studying stem cells will help us to understand how they transform into the dazzling array of specialized cells that make us what we are. Some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to problems that occur somewhere in this process. A better understanding of normal cell development will allow us to understand and perhaps correct the errors that cause these medical conditions.
             Another potential application of stem cells is making cells and tissues for medical therapies. Today, donated organs and tissues are often used to replace those that are diseased or destroyed. Unfortunately, the number of people needing a transplant far exceeds the number of organs available for transplantation. According to testimony offered by Harold Varmus, D...