ns are mediated by new technologies, personal and direct interactions no longer are the dominant form of communication now. Therefore, whoever control the dominant form of communication can take the most out of it- make profit, create culture, build up status, etc, and at last shape a society. However, both theorists tended to just focus and persuade us think the society was merely shaped by technologies and they didn't explore deep into how we response to these phenomenon. This is one shortcoming of their framework.
             Historically, people used face-to-face communication before writing was established. I know it is hard for us to experience how the ancient people communicate since
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