ms "good" and "bad", "better" and "worse". Spinoza believes "if we take any species of being there will be certain power and activities which are common and peculiar to the members of it. Within a given species to say that one member is "better" than another simply means that it has the characteristic
             power of the species to a greater degree and that it performs the characteristic functions of the species more efficiently." (Broad; Chapter 2).
             Next Broad goes on to talk about Butler and his theories and ideas. Butler compares the nature of man both to a watch and to a constitution, stating "We do not fully understand it till we know what it is for and what are the various functions and relations of the various principles and propensities" (Broad; Chapter 3). "Butler chooses to express his theory in the form that virtue consists in acting in accordance with one's nature" (Broad; Chapter 3). Broad then goes on to state his hate of the use of the words "natural" and "unnatural", because they are extremely ambiguous and are used by people when they discuss personal likes and dislikes. Broad then goes on to say "I think it would be better to say that virtue consists in acting in accordance with the ideal nature of man, and that vice consists in acting against it. No man actual nature is the ideal nature of man. But this raises no special difficulty. We can form the conception of a perfect watch, although no real watches are perfect. And science makes great use of such idealized concepts as perfectly straight lines, perfect circles, perfect gases, though it admits that there are no such objects in Nat
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