ses clashes between individuals rather than nations. In the state of nature,
the absence of authority requires individuals to protect themselves. In society, victims can
appeal to a common authority for the resolution of disputes, when possible.
Locke defines tyranny as "the exercise of power beyond right." A just leader is
bound by the laws of the legislative and works for the people, whereas a tyrant breaks the
laws and acts on his own behalf. Locke notes that any executive body, not just a
monarchy, that ceases to function for the benefit of the people is a tyranny. He points out
factors that limit the people from hastily opposing the government. These include:
sanctity of the executive; faith that laws will prevent necessity of force; and the fear that
a small group of individuals will never overthrow powerful leaders with success.
Locke completes his picture of a just civil society by returning to his original
impetus for writing the Second Treatise, the dissolution of government in the face of
tyranny. Civil society exists to protect the property and liberty of its members, if
something breaks down anywhere in its government and it no longer fulfills this
function, something has gone awry and the people have a right to rid themselves of that
...