Human Senses and the Foundations of Knowledge

felt that the senses, as receptors, first supply us with particular ideas or images from a stimulus, which the mind by degrees becomes familiar with, remembers, and names. Through this process these ideas then become experiences, which are thereafter available to us as memories, which the brain can then consult and use to aid learning and contribute to knowledge. The senses as our receptors to the outside world were however split into two categories depending on their quality of perception. These are described as the primary and the secondary qualities of the senses. Locke made a basic distinction between the two, arguing that firstly, Primary qualities are entirely inseparable from the body. They are known to be primary because the senses consistently find them to be the same, in other words they are perceptions that cannot be altered by factors such as heat or light, which might, for example, affect the colour which the object or stimulus could be perceived. Therefore solidity, shape, and size are all primary qualities. The Secondary qualities, in Locke's terms, are qualities of perception that could be perceived differently and are dependable on surrounding factors as well as the individual themselves. Consequently effects such as colour, odour, sound, warmth, and smell are all secondary qualities. These qualities can be seen in instances when an individual may perceive differently at different times. For example water, which may appear warm to someone who is cold, might be perceived as cold to someone who is hot. Nonetheless, it is clear that Locke saw the senses as the basic receptors to learning from experiences.
             Locke also defined the two sources of knowledge as sensation and reflection. Locke discussed the modes of the simple ideas of reflection such as remembering, reasoning and judging. He also claimed in book II that the mind "turns its view inward upon itself and observes its own actions about those ideas it has (and) t...

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