The industrial era of America helped to bring about modernization of transportation in urban areas. Many factors contributed to the rise of the modern city, including economics, politics, and technology. The ancient cities of Europe were very small in size and had a relatively small population. With the emergence of transportation technology, the sizes of cities and population grew. Also, the rise of the modern city and the rise of transportation technology had a great effect on the people and development of the city.
             As transportation technology emerged, the boundaries of the city were able to expand by people now having the opportunity to live away from their work. The introduction of the horse and buggy allowed mobility from the city, to the outskirts of the city, and within the city itself. It allowed the radius of the city to grow because the people no longer have to walk everywhere and so with easier accessibility to the city, businesses, and a central area of commerce was created and began to separate residential and businesses. Technology itself has created cities and urbanized areas. During the era of the railroads, many "gateway cities" were created along the route of the railroad as transfer points of goods. One example of this is the Illinois Central Railroad, as stated it Harrigan and Vogel, the company was denied concession of running its tracks though southern Illinois towns and ran its tracks else where and in doing so created its own gateway towns which competed with already existing cities. In a twenty-year period the cities and towns on the railroad line went from ten to eighty one towns and cities. Also, the population of these towns and cities excluding Chicago increased fourteen fold, from 12,000 to 172,000. The creation of these western railroad towns opened up western farmlands and turned the United States into the world's greatest agricultural producer. The agricultural surplus t...