on. In application, none of the three branches is really separate from the others. This was the argument that James Madison addressed in The Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalist issue was that ¡°The several departments are blended in such a manner as at once to destroy all symmetry and beauty of form, and to expose some of the essential parts of the edifice to the danger of being crushed by the disproportionate weight of other parts.¡± Madison¡¯s answer was the ¡°oracle¡± of separation, did not mean, ¡°departments ought to have no partial agency in, or control over, the acts of each other¡±. He meant rather that ¡°the whole power of one department [should not be] exercised by the same hands which posses the whole power of another department.¡± The merit of ¡°blending,¡± according to Madison, was that along with bicameralism and federalism it produced a safety net of ¡°checks and balances
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