ened up large parts of the country to the activities of international corporations, ended collective farming and reinstituted private control of land in the countryside, and abandoned central economic regulation and planning. A free market for laborers was in the process of being created through the ending of full employment guarantees. The end of life-time employment to workers of state-owned businesses meant that a private more capitalistic economy could exist.
             The purpose of the reforms was to create a buildup of wealth for the state and its bureaus, which were in a position to assign land and contracts to themselves and engage in wholesale bribery and theft. Utilizing their political power and connections the Communist party established themselves as a developing capitalist government by the end of the 1980s. The government officials began using their power for personnel self gain and to achieve great wealth. "As party secretary Qingfa got the lion's share... He allocated to himself, free of charge, a hillock of honeysuckle planted in earlier years for the health clinic. He had the brigade rent bulldozers to level the land occupied by an unfinished dyke. Awarding himself the major portion of this land, he hired field hands to till it for him." [2]
             The corruption and abuse of power would slowly turn against the officials of the newly capitalist government. To support the capitalist conversion a huge sum of money was borrowed to help both the national and regional governments, which pushed China's foreign debt from next to nothing in 1979 to over fifty billion U.S. dollars in 1990. As the corrupt enriched themselves, most of China's population suffered from the loss of job security and social supports and millions of former peasants became landless. By 1989, unable to find employment in rural areas, more than 50 million mainly younger workers were on a massive migration to urban areas and areas with surplus job op...