John McLoughlin was one of the most influential figures of the fur trade and
             settlement periods of Pacific Northwest history. Chief Factor of the Columbia District of
             the British Hudson's Bay Company, he reigned as a benevolent autocrat, befriended
             Americans, and eventually became an American citizen at Oregon City.
             He was born in Quebec in 1784 and trained as a physician near Montreal. He
             became a physician and traveled to the Northwest region in 1824 as a representative
             of the Hudson Bay Company. Here he occupied the position of Chief Factor from 1825,
             when the regional headquarters of the company was moved from old Fort Astoria to
             Fort Vancouver, until his retirement in 1845.
             During his reign as Chief Factor, Dr. John McLoughlin directed the operations of
             the fur trade in all the country west of the Rocky Mountains and north of the California
             line, as well as the more localized activities of agriculture, livestock raising, sawmilling,
             flour milling, dairying, and salmon fishing. From 1825 to 1843, when the provisional
             government was first established by the settlers in the Willamette Valley, he was the
             undisputed governor of the vast area bounded by the Rocky Mountains on the east,
             Mexican territory (California) on the south, the Pacific Ocean on the west and the
             Dr. John McLoughlin exercised control over the Indians of the region, welcomed
             and provisioned missionaries and settlers, encouraged schools and church instruction
             and for a number of years was the only medical practitioner in the region. His
             contributions to the development of the Northwest region in general and the Oregon
             country in particular make him truly deserving of the title by which he is often referred
             to, "Father of the Oregon"
             In 1857, the man who had ruled an empire two and a half times the size of Texas,
             died broken and bitter. He was 75 at the time. Five years later, in an act o
             ...