evolved in Western music since the Renaissance. The music of highly developed civilization of Asia and north Africa differs from primitive music. The profession frequently is handed down to generations in Bachlike musical dynasties in many areas, specialized schools gave thorough music education and training. The Bible illustrates the musical difference between the primitive and the more civilized stages. In the books of Judges and others, man and women of the people sing or play upon lyres(harps) and drums at celebrations. Like when Saul required music, he send for a David, a shephard to play for him on his lyre as I Samuel 16:23 says "And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him." Levites are now selected to dedicate themselves to performing music in the temple. When the house of the Lord is finished, its servants include 288 music students in 24 grades "under the hands of their fathers." The music of the ancient Orient has not lasted, but the Orthodox Eastern Synagogues and other far Eastern places of worship has probably preserves some of it form and history. Much of the folf singing in Asia and North Africa has changed little during two or three millenia. Otherwise we must rely on archaeology for information on the lost ancient music. Our sources of information are slighty richer in India, China, and Japan, where old nations and religions have survived, than in the Western Orient, where christianity and Islam put an end to the ancient civilizations. Oriental music is richest and more sophisticated in India and Pakistan. Indian melody never is entirely free; invention moves within limitations of pointed out patterns(ragas) in which a mood is related to a certain scale. In India, like the rest of the Orient, music is strongly influenced by extra musical concepts. Not o...