, "The Hedgehog and the Fox" and "Two Concepts of Liberty." He wrote few actual books and had most of his work collected and published by Henry Hardy, once of his graduate students (Gray 4). He never tried to advocate a certain political philosophy and was actually quite against any "right" political philosophy. Through his essays and lectures he made critiques on the current systems and made observations on liberty, nationalism, and socialism.
             A strict stand against totalitarianism is one of the concepts that can be seen throughout much of Berlin's work. His strong liberal views clashed with totalitarianism in age where it dominated. Much of his distaste also came from his own personal experience with communism and fascism. He lived during the Russian Revolution and saw first hand its effect on the Russian people. "I was never pro-communist. Never...anyone who had, like me, seen the Russian revolution at work was not likely to be tempted (Houston Chronicle News Service)." He detested fascism but not as vocally as communism since most of it had been eradicated during World War II. Berlin had relatives during World War II left in Riga who where killed both by Nazi and Soviet Communist forces (Gray 3). This fact no doubt further heightened his contempt for both systems.
             An essay in 1953 entitled the "Hedgehog and the Fox" became one of his most popular works in the United States. Taking its name from a line by the Greek poet Archilochus, it was one part literary criticism on War and Peace and an attack on the inevitability of history (Greenburg). Initially published under the title "Leo Tolstoy's Historical Sceptiscism" he changed it to the, which according to British Publisher George Weidenfeld did more for his reputation than any other (Greenburg). Berlin asserted that individual's act freely in history and has a choice in their dest...