sses through the short-term memory. “Short-term memory is a system for storing information over brief intervals of time” (Squire, 1987). It’s main characteristic is the holding and understanding of limited amounts of information. The system can grasp brief ideas which would otherwise slip into oblivion, hold them, relate them and understand them for its own purpose (Squire, 1987). Another aspect of STM was introduced by William James in 1890, under the name “primary memory” (Baddeley, 1993). Primary memory refers to the information that forms the focus of current attention and that occupies the stream of thought. “This information does not need to be brought back to mind in order to be used” (Baddeley, 1993).
             Compared to short-term memory, primary memory places less emphasis on time and more emphasis on the parts of attention, processing, and holding. No matter what it is called, this system is used when someone hears a telephone n
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