ishops and bishops are great for the Church, but Charlemagne uses them as royal
             agents, which is part of royal policy. Furthermore, Charlemagne makes reforms in
             education in order to further improve the Church; he sets up a system which strengthens
             the priesthood by setting up bishop schools. These reforms indicate "a lack of division
             between religious and secular affairs" (Charlemagne p.131). Who really has authority, is it
             the pope or the king? King Charlemagne did make all of the reforms, but the pope also
             crowned him holy Roman Emperor. This will create problems in the near future between
             The nature of the Catholic Church's authority again changed during the High
             Middle Ages in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Basically, the papacy became more
             confident by claiming greater powers and actually challenging the monarchs themselves for
             total authority (Sherman p.166). Pope Gregory VII is a great example of the increased
             confidence and authority during these times. The papacy under this pope asserted its
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