In the middle of this century, bot biological and cultural
             anthropology experiences a major change in theory. In biological
             anthropology, biological anthropologists adopted an approach which
             on the gene. They saw the human evolution as the process of genetic
             adaptation to the environment. In the mean time, there were also
             analogies to evolution. Cultural evolution also followed a process of
             In the field of anthropology, a very important theory is that of
             sociobiologists. Sociobiologists focus on adaptation and reproductive
             success rather than progress toward perfection. Edward O. Wilson was
             of the most important of them. He adopted an approach that focused on
             level of the gene. He saw social behavior as controlled, in principle,
             particular genes, and he saw evolution as occurring at this level
             reproductive success amounted to increasing the frequency of certain
             in future generations. However, the insistence of sociobiologists on
             grounding at least some behavior in universal human genetic
             runs contrary to cultural anthropologists' emphasis on the primacy of
             culture itself as the determinant of human social life.
             Several distinct approaches can be identified in contemporary
             sociobiology. The first one is evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary
             psychology is concerned primarily with the analysis of the mind as a
             device formed by natural selection. The second focus is human
             ecology. It emphasized populations rather than cultures, human
             biology, as well as evolutionary ecology. The difference from
             psychology is that it focuses on testing the hypotheses that culturally
             patterned traits actually enhance fitness rather than mind. The third
             approach involves the search for human universals. People advocating
             kind of approach concentrate on discovering the characteristics found
             all human societies. (McGee and Warms, 1996)
             However, this universal evolution point of view is rej...