well-educated parents fell into this category, regardless of birth
             complications. There are other biological variables that seem to be
             independent of psycho-social factors. In one study, it was shown that if the
             mother smoked during her pregnancy, there appeared to be a high risk for
             conduct disorder and male children. This study suggested that are maybe a
             direct effect on the still developing fetus. "The influences of genetics are seen
             as an impact on social inequalities. The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study
             provided researchers with important information related to genetic factors in
             behavioral inhibition." Behavioral inhibition is unstable between ages of 14 to
             24 months, and that this change is due to genetics rather then environmental
             factors. It suggests that genes may turn off and on at different ages, and that
             genes are "context dependent." In example of the Twin Study, comparisons
             between the identical and fraternal twins show that there was a continual
             genetic influence showing responses on cognitive, emotional, and behavior
             arousal in response to distress of another, at the ages of 24 and 36 months.
             Social influences that were shared by the twins with their interactions with
             parents and others were a major influence with the mothers, but not the
             testers. So genetic influences showed up more readily. Genetic influences
             were ever present are not environmentally controlled. Maybe the social
             background of a child with a low SES (socioeconomic status) could inhibit or
             caused the trigger effect (turn on or off) of genetic propensities. Our next
             topic is the family and social factors. Two of the biggest are social class and
             poverty. These have been found very often to predict the developmental
             outcomes of childhood. There are suggestions that infants and young children
             who grow up in poverty are more likely to suffer...